See ub on Wiktionary
{
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{
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{
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"word": "uber"
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"word": "uppai"
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{
"args": {
"1": "ium",
"2": "uom"
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"expansion": "Iu Mien uom",
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],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Hmongic *ʔuŋᴬ. From Proto-Hmong-Mien *ʔu̯əm. Cognate with Iu Mien uom.",
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{
"args": {
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"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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},
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"_dis1": "0 0",
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"word": "thaum ub"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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}
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],
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"under (going beneath)"
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"(with accusative) under (going beneath)"
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"under (located beneath)"
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"(with dative) under (located beneath)"
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"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
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"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *upó",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
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"descendants": [
{
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{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "ob-"
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{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "of-"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "ufe-"
},
{
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "ofe-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "uf"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "of"
},
{
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "of"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "on account of",
"word": "ob"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "ob"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "on account of",
"word": "ob"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "obe"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "ob"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "on account of",
"word": "ob"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "ob"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "on account of",
"word": "ob"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "obe"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "oba"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*ob"
},
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "uf",
"word": "𐌿𐍆"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-pro:*upó<id:adverb>",
"id": "under"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ub\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }\" data-id=\"under\" data-lang=\"gem-pro\" data-title=\"*ub\" id=\"Proto-Germanic:_under\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*upó",
"t": "up; from below"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *upó (“up; from below”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sub"
},
"expansion": "Latin sub",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ῠ̔πό"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῠ̔πό (hŭpó)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "उप॑"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit उप॑ (úpa)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *upó (“up; from below”). Cognate with Latin sub, Ancient Greek ῠ̔πό (hŭpó), Sanskrit उप॑ (úpa).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "*ub",
"name": "gem-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ub",
"pos": "adv",
"related": [
{
"word": "uba-"
},
{
"word": "ubanē"
},
{
"word": "uber"
},
{
"tags": [
"possibly"
],
"word": "uftō"
},
{
"word": "ufumô"
},
{
"word": "upp"
},
{
"word": "uppai"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"under"
],
"links": [
[
"under",
"under"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/uβ/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "ub"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"White Hmong adjectives",
"White Hmong entries with incorrect language header",
"White Hmong lemmas",
"White Hmong terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mmr",
"2": "hmn-pro",
"3": "*ʔuŋᴬ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hmongic *ʔuŋᴬ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mmr",
"2": "hmx-pro",
"3": "*ʔu̯əm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hmong-Mien *ʔu̯əm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ium",
"2": "uom"
},
"expansion": "Iu Mien uom",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Hmongic *ʔuŋᴬ. From Proto-Hmong-Mien *ʔu̯əm. Cognate with Iu Mien uom.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mmr",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ub",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Western Xiangxi Miao",
"lang_code": "mmr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Western Xiangxi Miao entries with incorrect language header",
"Western Xiangxi Miao lemmas",
"Western Xiangxi Miao nouns",
"Western Xiangxi Miao terms derived from Proto-Hmong-Mien",
"Western Xiangxi Miao terms derived from Proto-Hmongic",
"Western Xiangxi Miao terms inherited from Proto-Hmong-Mien",
"Western Xiangxi Miao terms inherited from Proto-Hmongic"
],
"glosses": [
"water"
],
"links": [
[
"water",
"water"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Jiwei) water"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔu˦˥/"
}
],
"word": "ub"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"White Hmong adjectives",
"White Hmong entries with incorrect language header",
"White Hmong lemmas",
"White Hmong terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "up and beyond; way up there (up the hill, up north)",
"translation": "up and beyond; way up there (up the hill, up north)",
"word": "pem ub"
},
{
"english": "a long time ago; before",
"translation": "a long time ago; before",
"word": "thaum ub"
},
{
"english": "the year before last year",
"translation": "the year before last year",
"word": "tsaib ub"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "zh",
"3": "-",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from Chinese",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "迂",
"2": "far; wide; circuitous"
},
"expansion": "迂 (yū, “far; wide; circuitous”)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "遙",
"2": "far, distant"
},
"expansion": "遙 (MC yew, “far, distant”)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "adj"
},
"expansion": "ub",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "White Hmong",
"lang_code": "mww",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"of an extreme limit:",
"distant past"
],
"links": [
[
"extreme",
"extreme"
],
[
"limit",
"limit"
],
[
"distant",
"distant"
],
[
"past",
"past"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"of an extreme limit:",
"far away"
],
"links": [
[
"extreme",
"extreme"
],
[
"limit",
"limit"
],
[
"far away",
"far away"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʔu˥/"
}
],
"word": "ub"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ub meaning in All languages combined (10.4kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Jiwei",
"path": [
"ub"
],
"section": "Western Xiangxi Miao",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ub",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Jiwei",
"path": [
"ub"
],
"section": "Western Xiangxi Miao",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ub",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.